Ferdinand de Saussure’s Course in General Linguistics (1916) is a summary of his lectures at the University of Geneva from 1906 to 1911. Saussure examines the relationship between speech and the evolution of language, and investigates language as a structured system of signs.
The text includes an introduction to the history and subject-matter of linguistics; an appendix entitled “Principles of Phonology;” and five main sections, entitled: “Part One: General Principles,” “Part Two: Synchronic Linguistics,” “Part Three: Diachronic Linguistics,” “Part Four: Geographical Linguistics,” and “Part Five: Concerning Retrospective Linguistics.”
Saussure defines linguistics as the study of language, and as the study of the manifestations of human speech. He says that linguistics is also concerned with the history of languages, and with the social or cultural influences that shape the development of language.
Linguistics includes such fields of study as: phonology (the study of the sound patterns of language), phonetics (the study of the production and perception of the sounds of speech), morphology (the study of word formation and structure), syntax (the study of grammar and sentence structure), semantics (the study of meaning), pragmatics (the study of the purposes and effects of uses of language), and language acquisition.
Relations between linguistic signs can be either: syntagmatic (linear, sequential, or successive), or associative (substitutive, or having indeterminate order).
Saussure defines semiology as the study of signs, and says that linguistics is a part of semiology. He maintains that written language exists for the purpose of representing spoken language. A written word is an image of a vocal sign.
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Saussure defines semiology as the study of signs, and says that linguistics is a part of semiology. He maintains that written language exists for the purpose of representing spoken language. A written word is an image of a vocal sign.
:D
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