http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_de_Saussure
Ferdinand de Saussure who is sometimes labelled 'the father of modern linguistics'. Amazingly, he died without having written any major work on general linguistics. But his students collected together his lecture notes after his death and published them under the title Course in General Linguistics(1915), which exerted a major influence on the course of linguistics, particulary in Europe.
Saussure was the first suggested that language was like a game of chess, a system in which each item is defined by its relationship to all the others. His insistence that language is a carefully built structure of interwoven elements initiated the era of structural linguistics.
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