- Now is time for MORPHOLOGY :)

Linguistic research on morphology and on the organization of the lexicon has not initiated any great changes in practical research over the last twenty years. Applied-linguistics research on lexicography, terminology development, second-language acquisition, and language teaching is still employing descriptive approaches that have been in use for some time. This state of affairs is not nevessarily a problem, since straigtforeard descriptive terminology is best understood across disciplines and is most transparent for application.

- Phonology . . .

- Now a chart where yo can see all the sounds in English! Interesting, isn't it? :D

Phonetics and Phonology have undergone a number of changes over the last 25 years, and phonology in particular has been subject to major theoretical revisions. Despite these changes, it is the more traditional articulatory phonetics ans phonology that still makethe greatest contribution to applied linguistics. Transcription of speech is a major unertaking for oral-discourse analysis of language in th profesions, as well as among speech therapists and in certain educational research,

- Learning about phonetics :D

 Here yo see a draw were yo can learn each part of our mouth, throat and more!! It is very important to know this kind of things, they are little but they woul help you in a future!!!! :D . . . Enjoy it :)

- Generative Linguistics :)

Chomsky´s theories represented, and still represent, both a strong break with American structural linguistics and, at the same time, basic continuity with ideas traceable back to de Saussure and beyond. The major changes introduced by Chomsky's theories were:

1. To challenge basic discovery procedure for linguistic research deriving from behavioral assumptions;

2. To reject the belief that language acquisition is habit formation;

3. To include intuitions and semanticc information as admissible linguistic data;

4. To center linguistic research on syntax;

5. To reject an item_arrangement approach in favir of an item-process aproach;

6. To devise a set of criteria for evaluating competing grammars; and

7. To propose as the goal of linguistic research the search

- Talking about Chomsky!!

Mid-to late-20th century: generative linguistics and the search for universals

In 1957, linguistics took a new turning. Noam Chomsky, then aged tweny-nine, a teacher at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology published a book called Syntactic Structures.

Chomsky is the most influential linguistic of the century.

A grammar he claimed, should be more than a description of old utterances. Creativity, as he said, is the ability of guman beings to produce an comprehend and indefinite number of novel utterances. Chomsky points out that anyone who knows a language must have internalized a set of rules which specify the sequences permitted in their language.

A grammar which consist of a set of statements or rules which specify which sequences of a language are possible, and which impossible, is a generative grammar. The particular type of generative grammar favoured by Chomsky is a so-called transformational one.

He also redirected attention towards language universals. He points out that as all human are rather similar, their internalized language mechanisms are likely to have important common properties. He argues that linguistics should concentrate on finding elements and constructions that are available to all languages, whether or not they actually occur.

- Mindmap :)

Now in spanish too. Take a look and you'll discover how interesting language is :D

The study of Language

Here I leave a few concepts about the teorical linguistics' history :D

Nineeteenth century:
historical linguistics

Before the 19th century, language in the western world was of interest mainly to philosophers. It is significant that the Greek philosophers Plato and Aristotle mademajor contributions to the study of languange. Plato, for example, is said to have been the first person to distinguish between nouns and verbs.

1786 is the year which many people regard as the birthdate of linguistics.
On the 27th of September, 1786, an Englishman, Sir William Jones, read a paper to the Royal Asiatic Society in Calcuta pointing out that Sanskrit, Greek, Latin, Celtic and Germanic all had strinking structural similarities. For the next hundred years, all other linguistics work was eclipsed by the general preoccupation with writing comparative grammars, grammars which first compared the different linguistic forms found in the various members  of  the Indo-European language family, and second, attempted to set up a hypothetical ancestor, Proto- Indian from whi h all these languages were descended.

Early-to mid- 20th century: descriptive linguistics

In the 20th century, the emphasis shiffted from language change to language description. Instead of looking at how a selection of items changed in a number different languages, linguistics began to concentrated on describing single languages at one particular point in time.

If  any one person can be held responsible for this change of emphasis, it was the Swiss scholar Ferdinand de Saussure (1857-1913), who is sometimes labelled 'the father of modern linguistics' .

As noted earlier, it was de Saussure who first suggested that language was like a game of chess, a system in which each item is defined by its relationship to all the others.

The term 'structural linguistics' in this broad sense merely means the recognition that language is a patterned system composed of the interdependent elements, rather than a collection of unconnected indivudial terms.